బోర్ కమిటీ (జోసెఫ్ విలియం బోర్) - 1946
హెల్త్ సర్వే ప్లానింగ్ కమిటీ
- Appointed on 1943
- It made comprehensive recommendations for remodeling of health services in India.
- Integration of curative and preventive medicine at all levels.
- Development of Primary Health Centres in 2 stage.
- Short-term measure
- one PHC as suggested for a population of 40,000.
- Each PHC was to be manned by 2 Doctors, 1 Nurse, 4 Public Health Nurses, 4 Midwives, 4 Trained dais, 2 Sanitary Inspectors, 2 Health Assistants, 1 Pharmacist and 15 other class IV employees.
- Secondary health centre was also envisaged to provide support to PHC, and to coordinate and supervise their functioning.
- A long-term programme (also called the 3
million plan) of setting up primary health units with 75 – bedded hospitals for each 10,000 to
20,000 population and secondary units with 650 – bedded hospital, again
regionalised around district hospitals with 2500 beds.
- Major changes in medical education which includes 3 - month training in preventive and social medicine to prepare “social physicians”
మొదలియార్ కమిటీ (డా. ఎ. లక్ష్మణస్వామి మొదలియార్) - 1962
- Appointed on 1959
- హెల్త్ సర్వే ప్లానింగ్ కమిటీ
- Strengthening of sub divisional and district hospitals.
- PHC should not be made to cater to more than 40,000 population and that the curative, preventive and promotive services should be all provided at the PHC
చద్దా కమిటీ (Dr. M.S. Chadha) - 1963
Director General of Health Services
Necessary arrangements for the maintenance phase of National Malaria Eradication Programme.
ముఖర్జీ కమిటీ - 1965
IUCD introduced
The recommendations of the Chadha Committee, when implemented, were found to be impracticable because the basic health workers, with their multiple functions could do justice neither to malaria work nor to family planning work. review the performance in the area of family planning. The committee recommended separate staff for the family planning programme. The family planning assistants were to undertake family planning duties only. The basic health workers were to be utilised for purposes other than family planning. The committee also recommended to delink the malaria activities from family planning so that the latter would receive undivided attention of its staff.
ముఖర్జీ కమిటీ - 1966
Malaria, Smallpox eradication & TB, Leprosy, Trachoma control.
జుంగల్ వాలా కమిటీ (Dr. Nowshir Jungalwalla) 1967
“Committee on Integration of Health Services” was set up in 1964 Director of National Institute of Health Administration and Education (currently NIHFW). It was asked to look into various problems related to integration of health services, abolition of private practice by doctors in government services, and the service conditions of Doctors. The committee defined “integrated health services” as :
a. A service with a unified approach for all problems instead of a segmented approach for different problems.
b. Medical care and public health programmes should be put under charge of a single administrator at all levels of hierarchy.
Following steps were recommended for the integration at all levels of health organisation in the country:
- Unified Cadre
- Common Seniority
- Recognition of extra qualifications
- Equal pay for equal work
- Special pay for special work
- Abolition of private practice by government doctors
- Improvement in their service conditions
కర్తార్ సింగ్ కమిటీ - 1973
This committee 1972, headed by the Additional Secretary of Health and titled the "Committee on multipurpose workers under Health and Family Planning" was constituted to form a framework for integration of health and medical services at peripheral and supervisory levels. Its main recommendations were :
a. Various categories of peripheral workers should be amalgamated into a single cadre of multipurpose workers (male and female). The erstwhile auxiliary nurse midwives were to be converted into MPW(F) and the basic health workers, malaria surveillance workers etc. were to be converted to MPW(M). The work of 3-4 male and female MPWs was to be supervised by one health supervisor (male or female respectively). The existing lady health visitors were to be converted into female health supervisor.
b. One Primary Health Centre should cover a population of 50,000. It should be divided into 16 subcentres (one for 3000 to 3500 population) each to be staffed by a male and a female health worker.
శ్రీ వాస్తవ్ కమిటీ - 1975
This committee was set up in 1974 as "Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower" to determine steps needed to
(i) reorient medical education in accordance with national needs & priorities and
(ii) develop a curriculum for health assistants who were to function as a link between medical officers and MPWs.
It recommended immediate action for :
1. Creation of bonds of para professional and semi professional health workers from within the community itself.
2. Establishment of 3 cadres of health workers namely – Multipurpose Health Workers and health assistants between the community level workers and doctors at PHC.
3. Development of a “Refferal Services Complex”
4. Establishment of a Medical and Health Education Commission for planning and implementing the reforms needed in health and medical education on the lines of University Grants Commission.
Acceptance of the recommendations of the Shrivastava Committee in 1977 led to the launching of the Rural Health Service.
Rural Health Scheme - 1977 - 78
colour coding for biomedical waste management: yellow, red, white, and blue bins
An "Expert Committee for Health Manpower Planning, Production and Management" was constituted in 1985 under Dr. J.S. Bajaj, the then professor at AIIMS. Major recommendations are :
- Formulation of National Medical & Health Education Policy.
- Formulation of National Health Manpower Policy.
- Establishment of an Educational Commission for Health Sciences (ECHS) on the lines of UGC.
- Establishment of Health Science Universities in various states and union territories.
- Establishment of health manpower cells at centre and in the states.
- Vocationalisation of education at 10+2 levels as regards health related fields with appropriate incentives, so that good quality paramedical personnel may be available in adequate numbers.
- Carrying out a realistic health manpower survey.
1. YELLOW
- Pathological waste
- Soiled (infectious) waste
- Medical chemical waste
- Clinical lab waste
- Pharmaceutical waste (discarded/expired medicines and drugs)
Most can be collected in yellow coloured containers or non-chlorinated plastic bags, but in the case of liquid chemical medical waste, you will need a separate collection system. Autoclaves are among the best tools available on the market for on-site sterilization, but in the case of hazardous medical waste (like soiled waste),you will also need a medical waste shredder to ensure safe disposal.
2. RED
- Contaminated waste (recyclable)
As you can see, the list is much shorter than in the previous category. Red coloured, non-chlorinated plastic bags or containers will do the trick for waste collection. As for the disposal of such medical hazardous waste, your safest (and most practical) bet is to get your hands on an on-site sterilizer and medical waste shredder (or ISS for short).
3. WHITE (or translucent)
- Sharps waste
Considering the nature of this hazardous medical waste, you will need containers that are puncture, leak, AND tamper proof. As for disposal, the case is the same as with the waste falling under the red category: you’ll need a medical waste shredder.
4. BLUE
- Medical glassware waste
Depending on the sources you look up, you may not even find this type of container, as some literature lists these in the same category of sharps waste, as they are also capable of inflicting puncture and cut wounds. However, since medicinal vials and ampoules aren’t necessarily as hazardous as sharps waste, autoclaving may be enough to sterilize the waste, and prep it for safe disposal. 
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